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https://www.bbc.com/news/health-67793887

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Gentler Immunotherapy Offers Hope to Children Battling Cancer 

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Due to the medical advances, children battling cancer are ushering in hope, less toxic drug treatment so called blinatumomab or blina, offers a gentler alternative than traditional chemotherapy. 

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At just 11 years old, Authur had become one of the first recipients to undergo this innovative therapy at London’s Great Ormond Street Hospital, where he successfully fought his blood cancer. Called as “a little bit of sunshine” by his family, this new treatment, known as blinatumomab or blina, worked without causing severe side effects, allowing Authur to spend more time at home and continue doing what he loves.

Blina was the only real option after Authur failed in chemotherapy. Unlike chemotherapy, blina is an immunotherapy that precisely targets cancer cells, sparing healthy cells from damage. Administered through a plastic tube connected with a portable backpack-sized kit, the drug's delivery system allows patients like Arthur to move freely while undergoing treatment. Arthur's mother, Sandrine, expressed relief, highlighting the challenges of chemotherapy and how blina provided a gentler alternative.

Currently used off-label for children with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL) in some 20 centres around the UK, blina has already gained approval for treating adults with cancer. Medical experts are optimistic about its potential to offer a safe and effective option for children, providing an alternative to intensive chemotherapy and reducing the associated side effects.

Chief investigator and consultant paediatric haematologist Prof Ajay Vora explained, “Chemotherapies are poisons that kill leukaemic cells but also damage normal cells, causing side effects. Blinatumomab is a gentler, kinder treatment.” Doctors mentioned blina is potentially replacing a great portion of chemotherapy, offering hope to the approximately 450 children diagnosed with this type of cancer like Authur. Another recent development, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR-T), was recently introduced as a more expensive and time-consuming alternative.

“It was a big step - he was free,” Sandrine said. For Arthur and his family, the success of blina and no residual cancer is marking a significant milestone in his journey towards recovery; they celebrated with double joyfulness during the New Year.

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https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-67661087 

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COP28: Tuvaluan Negotiator Urges to Save Her Home from Climate Change

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As the UN climate change talks start off a discussion on ocean protection, a 25-year-old Tuvaluan negotiator, Mervina Paueli speaks out for her low-lying Pacific Island, urging the global leaders to prioritize ocean protection in alleviating global warming.

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Traveling 24 hours from Fiji to Dubai, Mervina, a first-time attendee at COP28 has come to negotiate a future for Tuvalu, while facing the existential threat of rising sea levels. “We all have that umbilical cord attachment to our lands. Anything for my country is worth it”, she says. Mervina speaks of her deep connection to her homeland and the urge to protect it in the midst of

gradually severe climate change.

“The numbers are not looking good for Tuvalu. Picturing it just not being there anymore makes me feel really sad,” Mervina says. Sea levels are now 0.15 meters higher than 30 years ago and continue to rise at an alarming rate, threatening the culture, history, and livelihoods of its residents. The increase is predicted to speed up and will be 20 cm higher by 2050. The oceans, which absorb 90% of human-induced warming, are under massive stress from climate change, pollution, and habitat loss.

Despite the critical role, the UN Special Envoy on Oceans, Peter Thompson mentioned that oceans are the “poor cousin” of climate talks. It has been gaining attention only recently. Ministers from major ocean nations, including the US, Norway, and Seychelles are setting a meeting to discuss climate solutions, including renewable energy from tidal sources. Over 100 organizations, including scientists on a ship off Peru's coast, have signed the Dubai Oceans Declarations, urging investment in ocean science to address rising sea levels and coral reef deterioration.

"Put simply, the ocean is one of the best solutions we have to tackle climate change. Governments must commit to ocean-based action in their national climate goals, strategies, and policies," says Tom Pickerell, director of the ocean programme at the World Resources Institute.

For Pacific Islanders, immediate action must be taken. Tuna are moving to cooler waters, pushing fishermen to venture farther from the shores. Recognizing the existential threat, Australia offered climate refugee visas to Pacific Islanders. However, Mervina remains determined to stay and fight for their communities, in order not to lose Tuvalu culture and community, urging COP28 to take decisive actions to save their island homes.